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the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has seen

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many places on the planet one of the

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most interesting is

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canyon systems on Mars this is a branch

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of that Canyon system called candor

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chasma you can see the tortured ground

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that is there the layers the many buttes

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and mesas that poke up above this the

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scale of these things is such that we're

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looking across a couple of miles of

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territory

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there is no vertical exaggeration in the

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stereo image made by taking images at

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separate times on separate orbits some

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of these boots extend up a football

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field and size false systems that were

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produced by earthquakes in this case

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marsquakes give us clues as to whether

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this is material that was eroded away or

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actually whether it was deposited and

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then I wrote it later that stress

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pattern show us the canyon form first

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was filled with material and eroded away

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leaving these boots with the buttes

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being formed by more resistant rock at

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the top of the buttes darker in these

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one of the questions we have about Mars

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is where we see the effects of water on

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its surface how did that water get there

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it may have been different in different

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places did it erupt from underground

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that Springs for instance or did it fall

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from the sky and rainfall and it may

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have been associated with events like

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impact craters one of those impact

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craters is Mojave crater and here we're

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going to look at a perspective view that

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was formed from two images forming a

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stereo pair as you can see water ponded

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on the terraces and then it overflowed

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and ran down to the next terrace if you

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look at the rim of the crater you see

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channels that run right up to the top so

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these aren't Springs this must have been

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rainfall that carved this part of the

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the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is able

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to look at not only the structure of the

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surface its topography and shape but

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also its composition we're going to zoom

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into an area called Nellie Fosse that is

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very diverse and that's shown here in

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false color what we're looking at are

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the mineral signatures fingerprints that

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appear and reflected sunlight although

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it's at wavelengths that our eyes are

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not sensitive to straight edges are the

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edges of the images that were taken we

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don't have complete coverage what we're

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most interested in here are the areas

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that are colored green those are areas

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in which the carbonates are present

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carbonates indicate that here's an

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environment that could have been

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conducive to life and if not life today

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it could have preserved the signature of

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life that may have occurred in the past

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that is the organic molecules should

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also be preserved today if they were

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ever produced on its surface this very

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diverse area shows a complex mineral

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signature and also shows that there are

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many different kinds of water

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environments on the planet so water was

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not uniform in its activity it may

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persist it in some areas longer than in

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other areas and its interaction with the

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rock has left his clues about what that

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one of the early images taken by the

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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter was a

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Victoria crater in order to help the

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opportunity rover figure out which way

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to move around the crater as it looked

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for a way to get down inside here you

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see that image taken from 180 miles

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above the surface of Mars we're going to

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use that image to zoom in and see what

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it would look like from the rover's

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point of view if it were on the edge of

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the crater looking out over it and then

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match that with an image that was